![]() Īt the beginning of the 13th century, a method to produce ultramarine from lapis lazuli was introduced and later described by Cennino Cennini in the 15th century. Historically, lapis lazuli stone was mined in Afghanistan and shipped overseas to Europe. Electric Įlectric ultramarine is the tone of ultramarine that is halfway between blue and violet on the RGB (HSV) color wheel, the expression of the HSV color space of the RGB color model. International Klein Blue a deep blue hue first mixed by the French artist Yves Klein. Shades and variations Electric Ultramarine Different grades of pigment may have been used for different areas in a painting, a characteristic that is sometimes used in art authentication. ![]() The grinding and purification process results in pigment with particles of various geometries. Numerous grinding techniques used by painters have resulted in different pigment/medium ratios and particle size distributions. Particle size distribution has been found to vary among samples of ultramarine from various workshops. The best samples of ultramarine are a uniform deep blue while other specimens are of paler color. Visual properties Natural ultramarine painted The blue color of the pigment is due to the S −ģ radical anion, which contains an unpaired electron. Some chloride is often present in the crystal lattice as well. The major component of lazurite is a complex sulfur-containing sodium-silicate (Na 8–10Al 6Si 6O 24S 2–4), which makes ultramarine the most complex of all mineral pigments. ![]() In the Colour Index International, the pigment of ultramarine is identified as P. It occurs in nature as a proximate component of lapis lazuli containing a blue cubic mineral called lazurite. The pigment consists primarily of a zeolite-based mineral containing small amounts of polysulfides. Otherwise, it is susceptible to discoloration and fading. Ultramarine is a permanent pigment when under ideal preservation conditions. It remained an extremely expensive pigment until a synthetic ultramarine was invented in 1826. It was often used for the robes of the Virgin Mary and symbolized holiness and humility. Ultramarine was the finest and most expensive blue used by Renaissance painters. Much of the expansion of ultramarine can be attributed to Venice which historically was the port of entry for lapis lazuli in Europe. The word means "beyond the sea", as the pigment was imported by Italian traders during the 14th and 15th centuries from mines in Afghanistan. The name ultramarine comes from the Latin ultramarinus. Its lengthy grinding and washing process makes the natural pigment quite valuable-roughly ten times more expensive than the stone it comes from and as expensive as gold. Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder.
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